Acute Tubular Necrosis

Acute tubular necrosis is a condition that causes the lack of oxygen and blood flow to the kidneys, damaging them. Tube-shaped structures in the kidneys, called tubules, filter out waste products and fluid. These structures are damaged in acute tubular necrosis.

Causes of Acute Tubular Necrosis #

• The most frequent causes of acute tubular necrosis are a stroke or a heart attack, conditions that reduce oxygen to the kidneys.

• Chemicals can also damage the tubules.

• These include X-ray contrast dye, anesthesia drugs, antibiotics and other toxic chemicals.

Symptoms of Acute Tubular Necrosis #

• A small amount of urine output.

• Swelling and fluid retention.

• Nausea and vomiting.

• Trouble waking up/drowsiness.

• Feeling sluggish.

• Confusion.

Diagnosis of Acute Tubular Necrosis #

• Several tests can be used to diagnose acute renal failure.

• These include blood waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and electrolyte levels such as plasma potassium.

• The accumulation of these substances in the blood indicate that the kidneys are not working properly.

• Acute tubular necrosis is usually diagnosed by a nephrologist (kidney specialist).

• The diagnosis is mainly clinical but can be guided by microscopic examination of your urine.

• A biopsy of the kidney tissue can be done in certain cases, especially when the diagnosis is uncertain.

Prevention of Acute Tubular Necrosis #

• Maintaining blood flow and oxygen to the kidneys can reduce the chance of developing acute tubular necrosis.

• If a test with contrast dye is needed, drink a lot of water beforehand and afterwards.

• Make sure your blood has been cross-matched before you receive a transfusion.

• Work with your doctor to control the diseases that can damage the kidneys, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, liver disease and heart disease.

• Avoid over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications such as naproxen sodium and ibuprofen, especially if you have kidney disease.

Treatment of Acute Tubular Necrosis #

• Treating the underlying cause is crucial in order to allow the kidneys to recover.

• While the kidneys can often self-heal, you may be required to follow some dietary restrictions that include limiting fluid, sodium and potassium intake.

• This prevents the build-up of those substances while the kidneys are recovering.

• Diuretics (drugs to increase urination) and potassium-controlling medications may be prescribed.

• Dialysis may be needed until the kidneys improve